Dotty

Portrait

There would be times when she would be in a roomful of bright people, and come to realize with a sudden horror that not a one of them had it, not she herself, that there was no Grace in that room.

Chapter III

Characters

Named characters, grouped by setting

Oklahoma

Dotty O’Toole
Adalbert Weblein
Agatha Perkins
Aunt Jenny
Catherine O’Toole
Clara Anne
Colonel Keen
Father van Heuvel
Floyd O’Toole
Helmrich Kit Carson
Joe Elias
Johnny Gozzi
Mary Theresa O’Toole
Mr. Grudaire
Mrs. Slater
Naomi
Ninety-Proof Nolan
Ramford Riorden
Richard Railley
Sedalia O’Conner
Sheriff Slywood O’Toole
Shantytown Shadrack
Sister Mary Catherine
Sister Mary Claire
Sister Mary Regina
The Kearnses
Tim Reilly
Tommy Etzel
Uncle George Kearns

Galveston

A Yankee reporter
Aloysius McGivern
Alexey Ivanovich
Amelia Garrard
An old Irish woman
Angel-Face Hogan
Arthur Braden
Avril Aaron
Basin Street Becaud
Betsy Mish
Catherine Cadensus
Catherine Collins
Charles Le Marin
Charles Peisson
Charleyhorse Heckel
Claud Armande
Cora Carter
Cora English
Daniel
Estelle Beausoleil
Fat Wesley Fitzcannon
Father Knight
Felix Cassel
Finnegan
Frenchie
George DuShane
George Hearn
Gun Boat Thompson
Hugh McDonald
Herman the German
Hulda Engelbach
Jacob Spencer-Cartwright
Jaime Prescott
Jeannie
Joe Smith
John Sourwine
Karl Zaleski
Kitty Kark
Little Dotty Nesbitt
Little Dutch Eckel
Lazarus Reilly
Mary Parisi
Mellicent Garrard
Melody Jane Clybourn
Mildred Davidson
Miriam LeBlanc
Miss Universe
Mossback McCarty
Mr. Garnier
Ned
Nicki Parisi
One-Chance Hardwich
Ouida Garrard
Rubenstein
Sam Engelbach
Selma Steicher
Sherman J. Wintergarden
Shot-Gun Schaeffer
Shrimp Boat Gorden
Soft-Talk Susie Kutz
Tommy Katt
Victor Hambledon
Wentworth Arbutnoth

New Orleans

Flannel-Mouth
Leo Hanrahan
Patricia
Philip Sherrington

Locations

Places named in the novel

The Balalaika
Barbecue Ben’s
The Beach Comber
The Big Oyster
The Bloody Bucket
The Blue Room
The Bonanza Room
Bragg’s Drug Store
The Caribou Bar
The Cat and Fiddle
The Chatterbox Club
The Creola Room
Der Rochen
The Fat Chance
The Flannel-Mouthed Irishman’s
The French Casino
The Harbor Lights
The Hop Hut
The House on Elm Road
Jack Oak County
The Jamaica Inn
The Jetsam Room
The Jungle Club
Little Germany
Little Mexico
The Little Oyster
The Parisi Grocery
The Monkey Bar
The Octopus Bar
The Old Absinthe House
The Old Wooden Ship
The Oyster House
Piccones
Post Office Street
The Raviola Inn
The Red Pirate
The Red Room
The Red Snapper Drive-In
The Saint Noire
The Salt Water Chop House
The Scarecrow
The Sea Platter
The Sea Serpent
The Smelly Goat
The Snake Pit
The Spogelset
The Three-Four-Five Club
The Treasure Island
Tremont Avenue

Events in Dotty’s Life

A chronological overview

Birth and Early Childhood

  • Dotty O’Toole is born on October 15, 1933, in Jack Oak County, Oklahoma, to Sheriff Slywood O’Toole and Mary Theresa. Her conception occurs under violent circumstances.
  • She has two older siblings, Floyd and Catherine.
  • Dotty lives in a Defective or Provisional County, lacking a county seat.
  • She experiences a difficult early life marked by poverty and frequent dust storms.
  • By age three, she runs out into the face of the storms and is almost unacquainted with water for washing.

Move to Elm Road and Encounters with Family

  • Dotty moves to Elm Road and lives with her brother, sister, ten cousins, and other children of the town and country.
  • She expresses contempt for other children, despite being the youngest of thirteen.
  • Dotty befriends Clara Anne, a black dog, and a duck.
  • Her mother teaches her the beginnings of reading; her father and Uncle Tim Reilly help with difficult words.
  • Dotty tells people she is half Gypsy and learns Romany language and lore.

School Years

  • Dotty attends St. Joseph’s school.
  • She clashes with Sister Mary Catherine but becomes close friends with Sister Mary Regina, with whom she discusses many subjects and from whom she acquires a foundation in all the sciences.
  • She is not allowed to transfer from first to eighth grade, despite her intelligence.
  • She attends a special class with Father Van Heuvel with other talented and intelligent students.
  • In mathematics, Dotty is the best girl in school.

Religious Life from Childhood

  • Dotty experiences nightmares and fears not waking up from them.
  • She rebels against religious practices during thunderstorms.
  • She has an early and intimate acquaintance with the Mystery.
  • The narrator says that she can discern whether people are in Grace, even when she is not.
  • She is initially deemed too young for First Communion but is eventually admitted.
  • She wears a hair shirt as penance, and her parents change for the better.
  • During a fever, Dotty dreams of giving a forgotten soul relief from Purgatory. The old woman promises a sign: Dotty wakes with measles.
  • She makes a one-sided bargain with the Lord to be good and perfect in exchange for protection from serious evil and tragedy for her and her family.
  • She reads Saint John of the Cross.
  • She dismisses Saint Thérèse of Lisieux as a lightweight and is sent to Father Van Heuvel.

Wartime Experiences

  • Dotty is puzzled why Uncle Tim Reilly is not called up for the War.
  • She writes letters to various officials about her Uncle Tim.
  • Her father, Slywood O’Toole, becomes a Sergeant in the M.P.s and is stationed in Texas.
  • Dotty visits her father in Texas, traveling by bus and meeting people on the way.
  • She goes to the beach and proves a natural swimmer.
  • Dotty spends time with soldiers, drinks, and makes friends, including Naomi.
  • She has a cryptic talk with Colonel Keen, whom she distrusts.
  • She subverts Colonel Keen’s secret agents with her charm.
  • Johnny Gozzi introduces her to the Parisis and their Italian grocery, where she discovers unfamiliar foods and wines.

Family Conflicts and Changes

  • Dotty overhears a quarrel between her parents.
  • She discovers her father is an “ink-stained sadist” who enjoys tormenting her mother with letters detailing his infidelities.
  • She is ashamed and angry that her mother does not take steps to bring her father to heel.
  • The rift between her parents widens.
  • Slywood O’Toole deserts from the army in Australia and remarries.
  • Colonel Keen returns and is put in charge of the surplus property disposal at the plant where Mary Theresa works.

Adolescence and Trouble

  • Dotty goes to live with her mother and Colonel Keen.
  • On the day of her arrival, Dotty is met at the station by Colonel Keen.
  • She receives three ten-dollar bills from Colonel Keen.
  • She buys a kitchen paring knife and friction tape.
  • In September 1946, she stabs Colonel Keen eight times and takes the bus to Galveston.
  • Dotty confesses to killing a man; the priest tells her that Keen is alive and not badly hurt.

Life in Galveston

  • Dotty settles with Mary and Nicki Parisi in Galveston.
  • After initially deferring absolution because she lacks contrition, the priest absolves her.
  • She becomes popular at school and with other students.
  • She introduces wine drinking to her school friends.
  • She frequents various establishments, including rougher places.
  • She sells crab meat for two old derelicts.
  • She is known as the Mayor of Tremont Avenue.
  • She learns French and Latin and improves her Italian; she already knows Missal Latin.
  • She is a fabulous worker.
  • She creates “Dotty Specials,” offering services like nose-rubbing and lap-sitting for a fee.
  • She charges for kisses and other small favors, insisting that these do not compromise her virtue.

Loss of Faith and Life on Her Own

  • Dotty makes friends among older people.
  • She advises Betsy Mish against making rash vows.
  • She tells Mary Parisi that she is going to get an apartment of her own.
  • She loses her faith and feels despair.
  • She covers Joe Smith’s bad checks. He returns within a week to make restitution.
  • She works at the Smelly Goat.
  • She takes a couple of men but finds it disgusting and gives it up.
  • She participates in a con game and is briefly jailed.
  • She is bailed out of jail by Mary Parisi.

Charles Peisson and Marriage

  • She meets Charles Peisson, a French seaman.
  • She experiences a period of “widowhood” when Charles is at sea.
  • She writes a letter to Charles Peisson, warning him about her state.
  • She becomes a weaving woman, aided by Soft-Talk Susie Kutz.
  • She accompanies Susie to early Mass.
  • She buys a house and fixes it up.
  • Dotty and Charles get married around 1950.
  • They honeymoon in New Orleans, staying with the Garrard sisters and spending time with Patricia, Finnegan’s sister.
  • She learns about ad valorem taxes and mill rates as a property owner.
  • She makes Charles take out his first papers.
  • She joins study clubs.
  • She joins the Altar Society and is enrolled in the Third Order.

Married Life and Tragedy

  • She and Charles have a happy marriage.
  • Charles writes letters to Dotty to be delivered after his death.
  • Dotty loses her child.
  • She is knocked down by a car.
  • She cares for the children of working women.
  • Charles dies at sea during a hurricane.
  • She turns her fury on God.

After Charles’s Death

  • Dotty is found drunk and disoriented at the Old Wooden Ship.
  • Friends help her recover.
  • She gives Aloysius McGivern a dollar bill and stands drinks for the house.
  • She tampers with the U.S. Mail.
  • She receives the fifty-two letters Charles arranged before his death to have mailed weekly, but leaves them unopened.
  • She stages a suicide attempt with superficial cuts to her throat and wrists and goes to jail.
  • Dotty works for a month for a trucking company.
  • She and Catherine Cadensus visit Sam Engelbach’s farm.
  • She is courted by a farmer with land and money but cannot imagine loving him.
  • She goes to Mass with Hulda and urges her to follow it with a missal; she promises to send a German-Latin one.
  • After the weekly deliveries end, Susie gives her the first of Charles’s letters, and Dotty reads it.
  • Dotty reaches her majority.
  • She works hard at a respectable job which she dislikes.
  • She returns doggedly to her Faith.
  • She plays the piano at the Little Oyster.
  • She gathers thirty or forty friends in her kitchen and serves coffee from a former ship’s galley coffee-maker.
  • The Colonel writes to Dotty sometimes.

Compact Chronology

Dates follow the novel’s sometimes approximate chronology; c. marks an inferred or approximate year.

DateAgeEventChapter
October 15, 19330Born in Jack Oak County, OklahomaI
19363Runs into dust storms; scarcely knows water for washingI
After her third birthday3 or olderLeaves Jack Oak County for the house on Elm RoadI–II
c. 1939Nearly 6Begins school at St. Joseph’sII
First school year6Nightmares, revolt, and awareness of the Mystery and the AdversaryIII
Holy Week, c. 19406First confession on the day before Holy Thursday; admitted to First CommunionIII
Summer 19428First visit to Galveston, a few months before her ninth birthdayIV–V
c. 1942–19469–12Penance, the fever dream, reading Saint John of the Cross, and the one-sided bargainVI
Late summer or early fall 194511Slywood deserts from the army in AustraliaVII
Summer 194612Learns that Slywood has remarried in AustraliaVII
September 194612Mary Theresa marries Keen on September 1; Dotty stabs him a week later and fleesVII–VIII
From September 1946Nearly 13 onwardLives with the Parisis, attends school, and becomes the Mayor of Tremont AvenueVIII–X
c. 1950, before her birthday16Loses her faith after the affair with Joe Smith; leaves the Parisis and works at the Smelly GoatXI–XII
Before the marriageNot specifiedMeets Charles Peisson; after he sails, begins to pray again and buys a houseXIII–XIV
Summer, probably 195016 if 1950Marries Charles and honeymoons in New OrleansXV
During the marriageNot specifiedLoses her child after being struck by a car; later cares for neighbors’ childrenXVI
Later, before her majorityNot specifiedCharles is lost on the Saint Noire during Hurricane ErnestineXVI
After Charles’s deathNot specifiedReturns to the Old Wooden Ship; receives his weekly letters but does not open themXVII
During the following yearNot specifiedSam’s party, the staged suicide attempt, jail, work, and the country visitXVIII–XIX
A year after the letters beginNot specifiedReads the first letter after the weekly deliveries endXIX
After her twenty-first birthday, c. 195421Works at a respectable job and has returned to her faith; the struggle continuesXX

Dotty Across Lafferty’s Works

Dotty O’Toole Peisson, Dorothy Mary Yekouris, and the connections between their stories

Dotty O’Toole, later Dotty Peisson, is the heroine of Dotty. Dorothy Mary Yekouris is Finnegan’s fiancée in the Argo novels. Their families and life histories differ. Lafferty connects the books through shared characters, places, and works of art, including Joe Smith’s triptych of Dotty O’Toole and a stanza from her sonnet.

CategoryNot to Mention CamelsMore Than MelchisedechArchipelagoThe Devil Is Dead
Nature / Identity Dotty is the title of a triptych displayed among works from Duffey’s Walk-In Bijou. More Than Melchisedech identifies its subject as Dotty O’Toole. Dotty Yekouris is the New Orleans journalist who loves Finnegan. Dotty O’Toole is separately named as the subject of Joe Smith’s triptych. The novel also quotes a stanza from O’Toole’s sonnet in Dotty, with altered wording. Dorothy Mary Yekouris, daughter of a printer, raised in the trade and also trained as a bartender. She is Finnegan’s fiancée. Dotty Peisson belongs to the Old Wooden Ship circle in Galveston. Dotty Danvers, Dotty Hulme, and Little Dotty Nesbitt are other women. Dotty Yekouris is named separately among Finnegan’s friends.
Occupation / Roles Two panels bear Joe Smith’s signature. The third is unsigned and partly painted by another hand. Yekouris edits The Bark, works with Duffey at the Pelican Press, belongs to the Poison Pen Society, and composes the song “Forty Scribbling Seamen.” Yekouris becomes the boss at the print shop because she knows more about printing than Duffey. She helps establish the publications through which the group hopes to rebuild the world. Peisson is called the best Galveston-style piano player in the world. The narrator distinguishes her from the other Dottys’ complicated history of marriages.
Appearance / Personality The triptych shows the same girl clothed, unclothed, and with the torso cut away to reveal the viscera. She is described as pretty in all three panels. Yekouris is praised through adjectives borrowed from a nursery-plant catalog, ending with “hardy and disease-resistant.” Her skill as a journalist earns Stein’s admiration. Yekouris is strong, chestnut-haired, magnetic, intelligent, and kind. Finnegan calls her an angel and jokes about her thick ankles in his conversation with Elena. The account emphasizes Peisson’s piano playing and the confusion caused by the four Galveston women sharing the name Dotty.
Relationship with Finnegan The exhibition also contains a wooden cigar-store Indian by Finnegan. The triptych’s connection to him is supplied in More Than Melchisedech, which says he will finish Joe Smith’s work. Yekouris is desolate when Finnegan leaves. X reports that both were slain in Cuba but will not swear their deaths were final. A later witness says Dorotea had Finnegan laid in a sea cave as a sleeping man and died of her gunshot wounds about three weeks afterward. The Petrine contingency also describes her as “dead-undead.” The narrator says Finnegan remains engaged to Yekouris until his death. He sees her as a poem of irretrievable loss even while she waits for him. His wandering repeatedly separates them. Yekouris appears in Finnegan’s recollection of his friends. The account of Peisson at the Old Wooden Ship concerns her place in the Galveston community.
Key Events / Connections Joe Smith begins the triptych in Dotty. Finnegan refuses to finish it there and paints a separate portrait instead. More Than Melchisedech supplies the later completion. Yekouris tells Bagby, who has paid a thousand dollars for an artwork, “It’s only a novel, you know.” She later says that the bright spots left in the world are mostly the people around her. Yekouris proposes The Pelican as the magazine’s name; Henry proposes The Bark, which Finnegan supports. The men call her Penelope while Finnegan wanders. She later goes to Cuba and shoots Nick the Rattle in an attempt to save Finnegan. Nick repeatedly shoots both of them. Peisson’s name, musicianship, and presence at the Old Wooden Ship tie this account to the Galveston of Dotty.
Text References Chapter 5; compare Dotty, Chapters XI–XII, and More Than Melchisedech, Book VI. Books V–VIII, X, and XII. Sonnet: Book V, §4; compare Dotty, Chapter IX. Chapters IV–V and XI. Chapters VI and XIV.

Scripture & Sources

Scripture

1 Peter 5:8
The adversary who threatens the soul parallels the danger Dotty feels as a child in Chapter III.
Ephesians 6:12
The narrator’s description of Uncle Tim’s struggle with Principalities in Chapter III recalls Paul’s account of spiritual combat.
John 20:22–23
Christ’s commission to forgive sins provides the scriptural background to confession and absolution.
Matthew 10:29–31
In Chapter XIV, Dotty reminds God that she is worth many sparrows.
Matthew 6:25–34
The account of the marriage in Chapter XV draws on Christ’s teaching about providence and the cares of each day.
Revelation 12:9; 20:2
The serpent is identified with the Devil. In Chapter XVI, Dotty’s accusation that God is the Old Serpent deliberately reverses the biblical identification.

Saints & Theological Reading

Saint John of the Cross
Chapter VI names Ascent of Mount Carmel and Dark Night of the Soul. Its purple garment and three colors come from Dark Night, II.21.
Saint Teresa of Ávila
Dotty’s second baptismal name honors her mother and Teresa, whose feast is October 15. In Chapter VI, Dotty admires the Spanish saint’s scope and engagement with the world.
Saint Thérèse of Lisieux
The Little Flower, whom Dotty calls a lightweight in Chapter VI. Father Van Heuvel rebukes Dotty’s contempt for people whose gifts differ from her own.
Saint Augustine and Saint Thomas Aquinas
Chapter XII invokes Augustine and Aquinas among the authorities whose judgments Dotty imagines overturned by the loss of her faith.
Augustine, Confessions IX.8
The account of Monica’s youthful wine drinking offers a comparison with Dotty’s early drinking.

Historical Setting

Pius XI, Franklin D. Roosevelt, William H. Murray
The opening identifies the pope, president, and Oklahoma governor at Dotty’s birth in 1933. Jack Oak County belongs to the novel’s fictional geography.
The Dust Bowl
The prolonged dust storms, failed farms, and departure from Jack Oak County shape Chapter I.
Cabeza de Vaca and Esteban
In Chapter XIX, Dotty tells of the Texas trail she and Charles had hoped to follow, the route she associates with Cabeza de Vaca and Esteban.

Lafferty Intertexts

Archipelago; More Than Melchisedech; The Devil Is Dead
These books share people and places with Dotty. Dorothy Mary Yekouris, Finnegan’s fiancée, has a different family and history from Dotty O’Toole Peisson.
Not to Mention Camels
The triptych titled Dotty reappears in this novel. More Than Melchisedech identifies its subject as Dotty O’Toole and connects its completion with Finnegan.

Glossary of Terms

Sacraments & Grace

Sanctifying Grace
The grace that enables the soul to participate in divine life; conferred through baptism and restored through confession. Dotty can discern who possesses it.
Absolution
The forgiveness of sins granted by a priest in the Sacrament of Confession. In Chapter VIII, the priest initially defers Dotty’s absolution because she lacks contrition for attacking Keen, then absolves her.
Act of Contrition
A prayer expressing sorrow for sins. Dotty admits saying it constantly but not meaning it.
Transubstantiation
The change of the whole substance of bread and wine into Christ’s Body and Blood; the sensible appearances of bread and wine are unchanged.
First Communion
A child’s first reception of the Eucharist, typically around age seven. Dotty enters the First Communion class after Sister Mary Regina intervenes.

Penance & Mortification

Cilicium (Hair Shirt)
A garment of coarse cloth worn against the skin as penance. Dotty makes one from burlap infested with chiggers.
Purgatory
A state of purification after death for souls bound for heaven. Dotty offers to suffer for “the most forgotten soul” in Purgatory.
Stigmata
Bodily marks resembling Christ’s crucifixion wounds. In Chapter VI, Dotty asks whether her promised sign will be the stigmata; the answer is measles.

Church Organizations

Altar Society
A parish group that maintains the church’s altar and sanctuary. Dotty joins after her marriage to Charles.
Third Order
A branch of a religious family for people who follow its spirituality and rule in secular life; some third orders also have communities of vowed religious. Dotty joins a Third Order in Chapter XVI.
Missal
A book containing prayers and readings for Mass. Dotty criticizes Hulda for using a prayer book instead of a proper Missal.

Saints & Mystics

Saint Teresa of Ávila
Spanish Carmelite reformer and mystic. Dotty is baptized Dorothy Theresa; her second name honors her mother and the saint whose feast falls on her birthday, October 15.
Saint Thérèse of Lisieux (The Little Flower)
French Carmelite nun (1873–1897) known for her “little way” of spiritual childhood. Dotty dismisses her as “a lightweight.”
Saint John of the Cross
Spanish mystic (1542–1591) who wrote Ascent of Mount Carmel and Dark Night of the Soul. Dotty reads him as a child.
Saint Monica
Mother of Saint Augustine. His account of her youthful wine drinking in Confessions IX.8 offers a comparison with Dotty’s early drinking.
Doctor of the Church
A title the Church gives to saints recognized for their outstanding teaching of the faith.

Theological Concepts

The Mystery/The Adversary
The Mystery is associated with the indwelling of the Trinity; the Adversary opposes it. Dotty pictures herself as a mountain illuminated from a cave within.
The Old Jew/The Old Serpent
Dotty’s irreverent names for God, used when she feels manipulated or betrayed.
Principalities and Powers
From Ephesians 6:12: spiritual forces of evil. Dotty senses their reality from childhood.

Historical & Cultural

Free State of Galveston
Nickname for Galveston during the era (1920s–1950s) when gambling and vice operated openly under the Maceo brothers.
Cabeza de Vaca
Spanish explorer (c. 1490–1559) who walked across Texas in the 1530s after being shipwrecked. Dotty says in Chapter XIX that she and Charles had planned to follow the Texas route she associates with Cabeza de Vaca and Esteban.
Lupanar
Latin for brothel, from lupa (she-wolf), Roman slang for prostitute. The novel states that the Old Wooden Ship is not one.

Thematic Index

Themes, with the chapters where each appears. The numerals link to the chapters.

Grace & Sacrament

Dotty’s ability to perceive sanctifying grace; her relationship with the sacraments.

I, II, III, VI, VIII, IX, XI, XII, XIV, XV, XIX, XX

Family & Abandonment

Slywood’s desertion; Mary Theresa’s remarriage; Dotty’s flight from family.

I, II, V, VII, XVI, XIX, XX

Sea & Island

Galveston as refuge; Charles’s ships; his death at sea.

IV, V, VII, VIII, X, XIII, XV, XVI, XVII

Suffering & Penance

The cilicium; bargains with God; physical and spiritual mortification.

III, VI, XI, XIV, XVI, XIX

Marriage & Love

Courtship with Charles; sacramental marriage; the fifty-two letters delivered after his death.

X, XI, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XIX

Alcohol & Addiction

First wine in Texas; drinking as escape; benders and recovery.

Death & Loss

The break with family; separation from Charles; the loss of their child; bereavement.

Providence & Revolt

Dotty’s bargains, accusations, and resistance to what she takes to be God’s interventions.

III, VI, XII, XIV, XVI, XIX, XX

Key Quotations

Passages from the novel, with speaker and chapter.

“There would be times when she would be in a roomful of bright people, and come to realize with a sudden horror that not a one of them had it, not she herself, that there was no Grace in that room.”

Narrator, Chapter III

“And there is this about the gulls: they are the only birds who can sleep while they’re flying.”

Dotty’s diary, Chapter V

“I don’t know the way back anymore.”

Uncle Tim Reilly, Chapter III

“I will be had in only one way.”

Dotty to Joe Smith, Chapter XI

“And for such little things souls are lost.”

Narrator, Chapter XI

“To the totally color-blind, the spectrum is a superstition.”

Dotty, Chapter IX

“And that the penalty for loss was irrevocable and forever. That there could never be any bargain on it.”

Narrator describing Dotty’s understanding after reading Charles’s letter, Chapter XIX

“Dotty is by no means saved. No more than you are.”

Narrator, Chapter XX

Symbolism

Recurring images, with the chapters where they appear.

The Gull

Dotty calls the gulls long-winged clowns and, in her diary, says that they sleep as they coast toward the water. Their alternation of sleep and sudden waking may be compared with her own changes of awareness.

Ch. V

The Mystery / The Adversary

Dotty describes herself as a mountain lit from a cave within. The narrator identifies this intimacy with the Mystery as the indwelling of the Trinity. The Adversary opposes it, and Dotty expects her life to be a battleground.

Ch. III, VI, XII, XVI, XIX

The Three Colors

In Saint John of the Cross’s Dark Night, II.21, white signifies faith, green hope, and purple charity. These virtues protect the soul against the Devil, the World, and the Flesh. Chapter VI adapts the image of the soul’s disguise.

Ch. VI; Dark Night, II.21

The Sea

In her childhood diary, Dotty imagines the sea as one immense animal and its smallest organisms as people. She recognizes Galveston as home at once. Later the sea takes Charles.

Ch. IV–V, XVI

The Hair Shirt

Dotty wears burlap containing chiggers as penance for her parents. Slywood’s letters become kinder, and the narrator connects this change with her mortification. She later leaves the hair shirt behind but continues secret penances.

Ch. VI

The Fifty-Two Letters

Charles writes fifty-two letters before his death and arranges for a seaman friend to mail one each week. Leaving them unopened lets Dotty postpone admitting his death. At last she reads the first and understands that she must resume her spiritual struggle.

Ch. XVI–XVII, XIX

The Old Wooden Ship

The Old Wooden Ship is a barroom and lodging house where Susie Kutz and Lazarus Reilly shelter people in trouble. Its hospitality helps Dotty through her bereavement, though she recovers slowly.

Ch. XIII–XV, XVII–XX

Five-to-Three Odds

The narrator imagines One-Chance Hardwich offering no more than five to three on Dotty’s salvation and scarcely even money on the reader’s. The narrator sets these odds after her return to faith and leaves her salvation undecided.

Ch. XX

Chapter Analysis

Chapter I

Overview

The novel opens in Oklahoma in 1933 with the birth of Dotty O’Toole (later Dotty Peisson) into the struggling family of Sheriff Slywood O’Toole and his wife, Mary Theresa. Poverty, dust storms, and dwindling resources shape their lives in barren Jack Oak County. Mary Theresa resents their circumstances, while Slywood tries to stay honest as his scruples weaken. Dotty’s first years pass in constant dust storms, in a home strained by poverty and quarrels. In the end the family leaves Jack Oak County, which no longer appears in newer atlases.

Summary

The novel opens by fixing the date and the authorities of the day: Pius XI is Pope in Rome, Roosevelt II is President in Washington, and Murray I is Governor in Oklahoma City, all on October 15, 1933 (the Fourth Sunday of Autumn), which is also the Twenty-Sixth year of the State and the One Hundred and Fifty-Eighth of the Republic. On this day a daughter is born to Sheriff Slywood O’Toole and his wife, Mary Theresa. She will be known as Dotty O’Toole and later as Dotty Peisson.

The chapter then goes back to the circumstances of Dotty’s conception. On a cold January night, Slywood and Mary Theresa went to a dance at the barn of the Bohannons in a neighboring county seat. Mary Theresa, who finds the talk about economic theories depressing, complains about the bleak atmosphere. On the drive home she and Slywood begin a serious argument over their precarious finances and whether to use county money for personal needs. The argument continues at home. Mary Theresa locks herself in another room, and Slywood breaks in and rapes her. Dotty is conceived that night.

Dotty is born on October 15, 1933, joining older siblings Floyd and Catherine. Mrs. Slater comments on Dotty’s fierce expression as a newborn, predicting she will be both pretty and mean. Mary Theresa admits to seeing “hate” in Dotty’s eyes even at three days old.

The family lives in Jack Oak County, a “defective” or “provisional” county without a proper county seat, where official business is done from time to time in private homes. Soon a “Black Blizzard” of dust storms, lasting years, descends on the Great Plains. Slywood, still sheriff, conducts many sheriffs’ sales during the foreclosures but makes very little money from them. Over time he uses up the county funds, the family’s savings, and whatever else they have. When their last cow dies and the windmill collapses for the last time, Slywood packs up his family, takes the thirteen dollars left in the county treasury, and leaves. When he closes the front door, the story of Jack Oak County ends.

Detailed Outline

▼ I. Date and Setting
1. Pope, President, and Governor
A. Pope Pius XI reigns in Rome
B. Roosevelt II (FDR) presides in Washington
C. Murray I governs from Oklahoma City
2. Date of Birth
A. The Fourth Sunday of Autumn: October 15, 1933
a. Twenty-Sixth year of Oklahoma statehood
b. One Hundred and Fifty-Eighth year of the Republic
▼ II. The Barn Dance and Conception
1. The January Dance at Bohannons’ Barn
A. Attendees from multiple families
2. Money Troubles
A. Money evaporating faster than it accumulates
B. References to Henry George and Veblen
▼ III. Quarrel at Home
1. Mary Theresa’s Disenchantment
2. Dispute over County Money
A. Contested use of Slywood’s salary
B. Slywood’s refusal to touch County funds
3. Mary Theresa’s Locked Door and Slywood’s Assault
▼ IV. Dotty’s Birth and Family
1. Older Siblings and the Newborn
A. Siblings Floyd (4) and Catherine (2)
B. Dotty’s fierce look as a newborn
2. Dust and Poverty
▼ V. A Defective County
1. A County without a Seat
A. No official county seat
B. Administration in private homes
2. Poor Farmland
▼ VI. Black Blizzard
1. Years of Dust Storms
A. Eleven thousand counted dust storms
2. Slywood’s Scruples Give Way
▼ VII. Departure from Jack Oak County
1. The O’Tooles Leave
2. The County Disappears
A. No longer listed in newer atlases
B. Memory and recovery as themes

Notes

1 Oklahoma became a state on November 16, 1907, the forty-sixth state to join the United States.
2 Dotty is baptized Dorothy Theresa: Dorothy after Slywood’s mother, Theresa after Mary Theresa and Saint Teresa of Ávila, whose feast falls on Dotty’s birthday, October 15.
3 Henry George (1839–1897) proposed a single tax on land. Thorstein Veblen (1857–1929) introduced “conspicuous consumption.”
4 “Jack Oak” is a colloquialism for the Blackjack Oak (Quercus marilandica), native to Oklahoma.
5 “Black Blizzard” described severe dust storms during the Dust Bowl. The storm known as “Black Sunday” occurred on April 14, 1935.
Chapter II

Overview

Dotty O’Toole and her family move into a large, crowded house on Elm Road that belongs either to her Grandmother Kearns or to her Uncle George Kearns. She shares it with many relatives, all supported, precariously, by Uncle George’s money and by the property’s garden, orchards, and livestock. Dotty is more precocious than her many cousins; she develops a disdain for “kids” and a sharp tongue that often gets her into trouble. She reads fluently, questions everything, and clashes with her first-grade class at St. Joseph’s, which she regards as a prison. She finds a more receptive mind in Sister Mary Regina, who discusses large questions with her, though Dotty is refused a transfer directly from first to eighth grade.

Summary

The chapter begins by noting that the large house on Elm Road, now renamed Elm Street, no longer exists, so its precise size cannot be confirmed. It must have been enormous, however, because five O’Tooles moved in without overwhelming the already sizable household. The house belongs either to Grandmother Kearns or possibly to her bachelor son, Uncle George Kearns, who is described as tall, unsmiling, with a white bony face, and known for keeping careful financial accounts.

Uncle Thomas Kearns, his wife Aunt Janet, and their children Andrew, Robert, and Joyce live in the house, as do Uncle William Kearns, Aunt Helen, and their seven children. Uncle Timothy Reilly, who is Grandmother Kearns’s brother, is also there, as is Aunt Martha Kearns, the unmarried sister. Because most of the unpaid grocery bill is in Uncle George’s name, he is the one supporting everyone.

The structure is large, white, and wooden, built the year after “the Run,” with two stories and an attic converted into extra living space. Outside, a garden, orchard, and additional half-block together amount to nearly five and a half acres. Alongside numerous fruit trees, there are vineyards of grapes and extensive vegetables. Chickens, ducks, beehives, rabbits, and a cow and calf occupy pens and lots.

Into this crowded household come Sheriff Slywood O’Toole, Mary Theresa, Floyd, Catherine, and Dotty. When her mother later reminds her that she is the youngest of the thirteen children, Dotty is four months short of six. Dotty scorns the other children, calling them “a bunch of blamed kids.” When Mary Theresa reminds her that she too is still a child, Dotty retorts, “It’s all a damned question of outlook.”

Dotty reads surprisingly well, which puzzles the family. Mary Theresa has forgotten teaching her; Slywood helped with difficult words, and Uncle Tim has continued the lessons at Elm Road. Her closest companions are Clara Anne (described as “an imbecile”), a black dog belonging to the Potters, and a particular duck. Dotty is sent to St. Joseph’s, which she views as a prison. She especially dislikes Sister Mary Catherine but forms a bond with Sister Mary Regina, the eighth-grade teacher. Though they are close, Sister Mary Regina insists that Dotty cannot skip directly to eighth grade.

Detailed Outline

▼ I. The Elm Road Household
1. Physical Description of the House
A. Large structure built the year after “the Run”
B. Multiple floors, attics, gables, turrets
2. Ownership and Support
A. Belongs to Grandmother or Uncle George Kearns
B. Uncle George’s name on unpaid grocery bill
▼ II. The Extended Family
1. Uncle Thomas Kearns and Family
2. Uncle William Kearns and Larger Family
A. Seven children with double names
3. Other Residents
A. Uncle Timothy Reilly, Aunt Martha Kearns
B. Transient relatives passing through
▼ III. Grounds and Gardens
1. Orchard and Garden
A. Fruit trees, grapes, vegetables
2. Domestic Animals
A. Chickens, ducks, bees, rabbits, cow
3. Land Holdings
A. Nearly five and a half acres
▼ IV. Dotty’s Position and Attitude
1. Childhood Among Relatives
A. Disdain for other children as “blamed kids”
2. Dotty’s Few Friends
A. Companions: Clara Anne, a dog, one duck
3. Early Intellectual Ability
4. Speculation About Gypsy Identity
▼ V. Formal Schooling at St. Joseph’s
1. School as Prison
2. Sister Mary Catherine
A. Considered unintelligent and babyish
3. Sister Mary Regina
A. Notable intelligence; engages Dotty in discussions
B. Denies request to skip to eighth grade
4. Dotty’s Frustration
A. Something “nearly snaps” inside her

Notes

1 The house was built the year after “the Run,” apparently the Oklahoma Land Run of 1889, which would place its construction in 1890.
2 The lightning rods on the two highest turrets resemble tufted animal ears, giving the wooden house an animal aspect.
3 The Latin regina means “queen,” a Marian title familiar from the prayer Salve Regina (“Hail, Holy Queen”).
Chapter III

Overview

Dotty O’Toole has recurring nightmares of Hell and is keenly aware of both the “Mystery” (divine grace) and the “Adversary.” She longs for confession and First Communion, afraid that her sins will damn her before she can make things right. Her mother, Mary Theresa, tries to console her, but Dotty answers with defiance: she dares God during storms, writes irreverent verses, and tests religious boundaries. When the war comes, her uncles and father join the army, and Dotty spars with Uncle Tim Reilly and asks why certain men are given military rank. Her rebelliousness grows after her father is stationed in Texas, and her first encounter with the sea convinces her that she must live where she can smell it, whatever the cost.

Summary

At the start of Chapter III, Dotty is aware of both a “Mystery” and an “Adversary,” which she believes dwell within her. She expects a lifelong battle between them and fears that she will lose it. One night Mary Theresa notices Dotty crying, which is unusual, and asks what is wrong. Dotty replies that she has “the damnest nightmares” whenever she sleeps, specifically of being in “Hell.” She describes seeing children her own size or younger there, placed there “for the damnest things.”

Mary Theresa tries to reassure Dotty, but Dotty is still convinced that she is damned. She points out that she cannot go to Confession for four more months, until the day before Holy Thursday, and might die before then. She admits that she says the “Act of Contrition” constantly but does not mean it, and this troubles her.

On the day before Holy Thursday, Dotty is at last able to be “shriven,” or receive the sacrament of Confession. Her inner turmoil continues, and she is still subject to moments of “black revolt.” She plays a dangerous game, enjoying absolution for a time and then falling back into rebellion.

Dotty’s defiance also appears during storms. While her grandmother lights a blessed candle and her mother sprinkles the children with holy water, Dotty dares the thunder to strike her, counting aloud and mocking each thunderclap. She writes irreverent verses mocking angels and Heaven’s cleanliness, declaring, “All but me. I won’t come in.”

Dotty also experiences the “Mystery Itself” as an inner light, which she likens to a lamp shining from a cave inside a mountain. She finds that she can tell whether someone else has the light of grace, even when she lacks it. The gift sometimes horrifies her, as when she realizes that no one in a room, Dotty included, has that light.

Her confidant on spiritual matters is Uncle Tim Reilly, who has long fought his own “battle with Principalities.” He warns Dotty that playing “loose” with salvation becomes riskier with age. Meanwhile, the men in Dotty’s family join the army for the war. Slywood O’Toole becomes a Sergeant in the M.P.s because of his experience as Sheriff of Jack Oak County. He is stationed in a port city in Texas, and Dotty visits him and smells the sea for the first time. She decides that she cannot imagine living where she cannot smell the ocean, “even if she has to go ragged to remain there.”

Detailed Outline

▼ I. Mystery and Adversary
1. Dotty’s Spiritual Awareness
A. Early acquaintance with both forces
2. Nightmares of Hell
A. Dreams without prior instruction
3. Waiting for Confession
A. Four months until her first confession, on the day before Holy Thursday
▼ II. Rebellion and Defiance
1. Defiance during Storms
A. Daring thunder to strike her
2. Defiant Verses
A. Irreverent poetry refusing heavenly ranks
3. The Inner Mystery
A. Grace as inner illumination (lamp in cave)
B. Ability to discern Grace in others
▼ III. Admission to the Sacraments
1. First Communion Class
A. Father Van Heuvel deems Dotty too young
B. Sister Mary Regina intervenes
2. Aftermath
A. Periodic lapses into “black revolt”
B. The “dangerous game” of absolution and revolt
▼ IV. Uncle Tim Reilly
1. His Battle with “Principalities”
2. Uncle Tim’s Disillusionment
A. Forty years without sanctifying grace
B. “I don’t know the way back anymore”
3. Dotty’s Response
A. Persists in her own cycle
▼ V. The War
1. Family Called to Arms
2. Questions about Military Rank
A. Shantytown Shadrack vs. Mr. Grudaire
3. Dotty’s Letters for Uncle Tim
▼ VI. Texas and the Sea
1. Slywood’s Posting to the Coast
A. Port city in Texas as M.P. Sergeant
2. Dotty’s Attachment to the Sea
A. First smell of the ocean
B. Decides that she must live near it
C. The coast as her home

Notes

1 Sanctifying grace enables the soul to participate in divine life, conferred through baptism and restored through confession.
2 Ephesians 6:12: “For our wrestling is not against flesh and blood; but against principalities and powers.”
3 Uncle Tim’s claims to have fought in seven wars belong to his tall tales. The reply from the Governor’s staff recalls mule-wrangling and oil-field work instead.
4 In Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego survived the fiery furnace for refusing to worship a golden statue.
5 M.P. stands for military police. Slywood’s former service as sheriff helps him become an M.P. sergeant.
6 Compare Lafferty’s “The Ugly Sea”: Bonny, like Dotty, is a waterfront pianist whose marriage to a seaman ends in widowhood.
Chapter IV

Overview

Dotty travels by bus with her mother, Mary Theresa, and her siblings, Floyd and Catherine, to visit her father, Slywood O’Toole, who is stationed in Texas as an M.P. On the long, crowded trip Dotty is separated from the others for a time and manages well on her own. In the coastal town she is drawn at once to the sea. She notices her father’s harsh treatment of soldiers on shore leave, but her attention is on the beach. That night she sneaks out, makes friends with rowdy revelers, and on her return witnesses an exchange between her mother and Colonel Keen.

Summary

Slywood O’Toole is in Texas. Mary Theresa, Floyd, Catherine, and Dotty travel by bus for eighteen hours to reach him, changing buses in Oklahoma City, Dallas, and Waco. Dotty somehow boards the second bus, leaving Mary Theresa frantic. A driver assures her Dotty is safe: “She had to escape from both us drivers. I had her once, but it would have been easier to load a wild cat.”

On the second bus, Dotty encounters unwelcoming passengers. Finding the seated riders unfriendly, she heads to the back with the Black passengers, who converse warmly with her. They reach the Dallas Bus Station at one in the morning, where Dotty drinks coffee for the first time. On the final leg to the island, Dotty senses the nearness of the sea: from about forty miles out, the smell of the ocean permeates everything.

Slywood O’Toole greets them wearing his M.P. gear. Dotty sees that he enjoys berating young soldiers, and this confirms her suspicion that her father can be mean. They find a very dirty room in a run-down house, bathe, and at last reach the shore. Dotty plunges into the breakers and turns out to be a natural swimmer.

Colonel Keen appears, introduces himself to Mary Theresa, and is soon joined by Slywood, who seems eager to please him. After dinner, Dotty sneaks out, climbing through a window and heading to the pavilion on the beach. She tries to enter the Blue Room where soldiers dance and drink, but is repeatedly ejected for being underage. She meets three soldiers, Carson (nicknamed “Kit”), Richard Railley, and “Ninety-Proof” Nolan, along with a girl named Naomi. They move to Naomi’s room to continue drinking. Dotty gets “higher than a balloon.”

Returning quietly, Dotty stumbles upon Colonel Keen kissing Mary Theresa on the front steps. When Mary Theresa cautiously asks whether Dotty would judge an indiscretion, Dotty reveals that she saw the kiss. Her mother then realizes that Dotty has also disobeyed her instructions to stay in.

Detailed Outline

▼ I. The Journey by Bus
1. Eighteen Hours of Travel
A. Transfers in Oklahoma City, Dallas, and Waco
2. Dotty’s Separation from Family
A. Rides on the second of two buses bound for Dallas; driver compares her to a wildcat
3. Encounters on the Second Bus
A. Unwelcoming white passengers
B. Warm conversation with Black passengers in back
▼ II. Arrival at the Island
1. Sensing the Sea
A. Ocean’s smell permeates everything from forty miles out
2. Slywood as M.P.
A. Role as Military Policeman; abusive toward soldiers
B. Dotty recognizes that her father is mean
▼ III. The Beach and Colonel Keen
1. First Encounter with Open Sea
A. Dotty a natural swimmer in the breakers
2. Introduction of Colonel Keen
A. Hints of favor-trading
B. Dotty suspects an arrangement she cannot yet name
▼ IV. Night Out
1. Dotty Sneaks Out
A. Pavilion scene: souvenirs, petty theft, penny arcade
B. Blue Room attempts; repeatedly ejected
2. New Companions
A. Three soldiers and Naomi; first wine
3. Return and Confrontation
A. Witnesses Keen kissing Mary Theresa

Notes

1 The causeway connects Galveston Island with the mainland. Dotty crosses it on her first trip to the island.
2 The Blue Room is the dance room beside the pavilion. Dotty is repeatedly refused entry because of her age.
3 Wine belongs both to the novel’s pleasures and dangers and to its sacramental concerns. Augustine’s account of Monica’s youthful drinking in Confessions IX.8 offers a parallel to Dotty’s first wine.
Chapter V

Overview

Dotty wakes on the Texas Gulf Coast with her first hangover. In spite of the headache, she spends her days in the sun and the sea and at the noisy beach attractions, and she records what she sees in a diary. She quarrels with amusement operators, who spank her, and enters a contest of wills with Colonel Keen, who has been watching what she does. Her father shows a harsher side, and her mother resists unwanted advances. Dotty leaves the island both fascinated and bitter, determined to come back.

Summary

Dotty begins Chapter V by waking up with her first hangover. She swims, then writes lengthy observations in her five-year diary, describing the countless “people” of the sand and sea: tiny shell creatures, worms, fish, and crabs. She muses that the ocean is actually “one big animal.”

At one gambling booth, Dotty protests that the payout odds are unfair. The operator, Selma, responds by flipping Dotty upside down and spanking her with a paddle. Dotty vows revenge but still ends up befriending Selma before leaving town.

Dotty has a “cryptic talk” with Colonel Keen, who warns she has been under surveillance for stealing items and befriending “notorious” Naomi. He orders a strict seven o’clock curfew. Dotty pushes back, promising that if they ever “tangle on the road,” the Colonel will get hurt.

Dotty spends much of her last days at the Parisi grocery store, learning Italian foods and games. Late one night she overhears her parents’ argument. Slywood demands that Mary Theresa be “agreeable” to Keen. She claws Slywood, and he beats her badly. On Sunday the family attends Mass at St. Mary’s Cathedral, then leaves by bus.

Detailed Outline

▼ I. First Hangover and Beach Life
1. Diary Observations
A. “People” of the sand: crabs, shells, worms
B. The ocean as “one big animal”
▼ II. Trouble at the Arcade
1. Conflict with Selma
A. Challenges unfair gambling odds
B. Paddled severely; later reconciliation
▼ III. Confrontation with Colonel Keen
1. Surveillance Revealed
A. Theft and “notorious” associations noted
2. Contest of Wills
A. Dotty defies Keen’s authority
B. Subverts his M.P. spies with charm
▼ IV. The Parisi Grocery
1. Italian Grocery and Games
A. Dominoes, cribbage, pinochle
B. Discovery of Italian cheeses
▼ V. Parental Conflict and Departure
1. Late-Night Quarrel
A. Slywood pressures Mary Theresa for Keen
B. Mary Theresa claws Slywood; he beats her
2. Sunday Mass and Departure

Notes

1 Galveston’s gambling culture was dominated by the Maceo brothers during the “Free State of Galveston” era.
2 Galveston’s St. Mary Cathedral, on Church Street, was dedicated in 1848. The diocese had been established the previous year.
Chapter VI

Overview

Mary Theresa and Slywood O’Toole grow estranged. Slywood sends cruel letters from his military post; Dotty reads them in secret and is dismayed by her father’s meanness. Hoping to restore goodness, she takes up penance and wears a burlap hair shirt. Under Father Van Heuvel’s guidance she continues her religious and intellectual studies, argues about saints and theology, and asks whether one can live a freewheeling life and stay unsoiled.

Summary

Mary Theresa no longer shares Slywood’s letters fully; a “rift had begun.” Dotty uses her skill with locks to read them secretly, learning that Slywood taunts Mary Theresa with infidelities and questions the paternity of their children. Dotty undertakes secret penance with a burlap cilicium and chiggers. After three months of suffering, Slywood’s letters become friendlier.

While feverish, Dotty prays to endure Purgatory’s fire for “the most forgotten soul.” An old Irishwoman appears in her delirium, calls herself a dream, and promises measles as a sign. Dotty wakes with the rash; the narrator calls it a sign that she must never demand a sign. Four years follow with diary entries “T.D.M.T.S.A.A.T.H.G.B.” (“This day much the same as all that have gone before”). She reads St. John of the Cross and makes a one-sided bargain with the Lord for family protection.

In seventh grade, Dotty calls Saint Thérèse of Lisieux, “the Little Flower,” a “lightweight” and is sent to Father Van Heuvel, who transfers her to a special religion class. She asks if one can be a “free-wheeler” and still be decent; Father tells her to keep Christ at the center of her life and her freewheeling pleasures incidental. Dotty, distracted by a horsefly, hears mostly the permission and misses the warning about pleasure losing its savor.

Detailed Outline

▼ I. Slywood’s Cruel Letters
1. The Growing Rift
A. Dotty reads locked letters; Slywood as “ink-stained sadist”
▼ II. Dotty’s Secret Penance
1. Hair Shirt of Burlap and Chiggers
2. Three Months; Letters Improve
▼ III. Mystical Experience
1. Prayer for Forgotten Soul
A. Old Irishwoman in a fever dream; measles as a warning against demanding signs
▼ IV. The Four Quiet Years
1. Diary: “T.D.M.T.S.A.A.T.H.G.B.”
2. Bargain with the Lord
3. Reading St. John of the Cross
▼ V. The Little Flower Dispute
1. Calls Saint Thérèse of Lisieux “a Lightweight”
2. Transferred to Special Class
▼ VI. Whether One Can Live Free and Stay Decent
1. Dotty’s Inquiry
2. Father’s Response: Difficult but Possible
3. Dotty Misses the Warning About Pleasure and Change of Pace

Notes

1 A cilicium (hair shirt) is a garment of coarse cloth worn for penance.
2 Saint Thérèse of Lisieux (1873–1897) was declared a Doctor of the Church in 1997.
3 Aquinas distinguishes acts indifferent in kind from deliberate individual acts, whose intention and circumstances make them good or evil (Summa Theologiae I–II, q. 18, aa. 8–9).
Chapter VII

Overview

As the war ends, Dotty’s family comes apart: Slywood deserts the Army, and Mary Theresa grows closer to Colonel Keen. Mary Theresa works in Tulsa among rowdy companions, whose influence she brings home. When Colonel Keen reappears and Mary Theresa arranges a doubtful remarriage through the “Free Catholic Church of America,” Dotty’s anger and sense of betrayal grow. She comes to her mother’s new home, confronts Colonel Keen, attacks him, and has to flee. She is not yet thirteen when she sets off alone for the sea island.

Summary

Mary Theresa works in Tulsa, sixty miles from the family home, and returns on weekends with people who strike Dotty as coarse and troubling. A letter arrives from Colonel Keen expressing concern over Slywood, who is stationed overseas. Soon, word comes that Slywood has deserted his post in Sydney, Australia, suffering from fevers and confusion.

After World War II ends in 1945, Mary Theresa stays at the plant, which now handles the disposal of surplus property. Dotty discovers that Colonel Keen, now in charge of surplus property at Mary Theresa’s workplace, got her a better position and apartment.

Two shocks follow in the summer of 1946. Dotty receives a letter from Slywood in Australia informing her he has remarried. Then Dotty visits her mother and finds Colonel Keen there with a priest from the “Free Catholic Church of America.” She learns Mary Theresa plans to marry Keen through this new “church.” Dotty calls the priest a “Judas Priest” and accuses her mother of hypocrisy. On September 1, 1946, Mary Theresa and Keen wed without family present.

Dotty arrives by bus and is met by Colonel Keen, who offers her thirty dollars. She spends nearly seventeen dollars on a bus ticket and buys a paring knife and friction tape. Late that night, she enters Keen’s room and stabs him repeatedly, then leaves the house. She catches a bus for the seven-hundred-mile trip to the sea island city, one month and one week short of her thirteenth birthday.

Detailed Outline

▼ I. Family Troubles in Wartime
1. Mary Theresa’s Changed Company
A. Coarse acquaintances from Tulsa work
2. Slywood’s Desertion
A. Fevers and confusion in Sydney; leaves post
▼ II. Colonel Keen’s Return
1. Post-War Position
A. Keen manages Surplus Sales; helps Mary Theresa
2. Dotty’s Suspicions
A. Believes Keen engineered Slywood’s disappearance
▼ III. The “Free Catholic Church”
1. Slywood’s Letter from Australia
A. Has remarried; will not return
2. Mary Theresa’s Plans
A. “Judas Priest” and invalid marriage scheme
B. Dotty accuses mother of hypocrisy
▼ IV. The Stabbing
1. September 1, 1946: Wedding
A. No family present
2. Keen’s Thirty Dollars
A. Three ten-dollar bills; biblical allusion
3. The Attack
A. Paring knife, friction tape; eight stabs
4. Flight to the Island
A. Seven hundred miles; not yet thirteen

Notes

1 “They appointed him thirty pieces of silver” (Matthew 26:15, KJV). Keen’s three ten-dollar bills suggest Judas’s payment.
2 Dotty’s central objection is that her mother is still married to Slywood. Catholic teaching regards a valid, consummated sacramental marriage as indissoluble during the spouses’ lifetimes (Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1640).
Chapter VIII

Overview

Dotty, having fled her mother and Colonel Keen, arrives in the island town where she once stayed as a child. She confesses to stabbing Keen but cannot be sure of her contrition. Living with the Parisis, she enrolls in high school as Dorothy Parisi and becomes popular among the students. The priest eventually grants absolution, and no legal charges are pressed. Dotty frequents the island’s clubs and fishing piers, learns its music, and makes another bargain with God.

Summary

Dotty enters a confessional and says that she has killed a man. Asked whether she is sorry, she replies that she is “desolate” but would do it again. The priest tells her that the man is alive and not badly hurt. He defers absolution and asks her to return the next day, and on succeeding days if necessary. Outside the confessional she refuses to confirm her identity.

Colonel Keen prevents prosecution and pursuit, and sees that no report is filed. Questioned by an investigator, he calls his eight wounds superficial scratches; the investigator says that any of them could have been fatal. Keen believes Dotty did not use her full strength and admits that she has been wronged. He will check on her welfare and send money if it is needed or acceptable.

Dotty enters the parish high school as Dorothy Parisi. During her first week, the priest grants absolution because he judges that she has contrition even though she is unsure of it herself. She becomes popular with Hugh McDonald, Betsy Mish, Felicien Cassell, Miriam LeBlanc, and other students, who gather at the Parisis’ to study, play music, and drink coffee and wine.

She frequents the island’s bars and clubs, sells fish and crab meat for two impoverished crabbers, and learns Galveston-style piano from local musicians. Some call her the “Mayor of Tremont Avenue.” She does well at school, learns languages and the island’s history, and promises God to be as perfect as she can if He protects her and the Parisis. Payments for her upkeep arrive without her knowledge; the narrator suggests that Colonel Keen may be their source.

Detailed Outline

▼ I. Confession of Attempted Murder
1. Admission in the Confessional
A. “Desolate” but would do it again
2. Keen Is Alive
A. Eight wounds; no prosecution
3. Absolution Withheld, Then Granted
▼ II. Colonel Keen’s Response
1. No Prosecution or Formal Report
A. Calls wounds “superficial scratches”
2. Keen Prevents Pursuit
A. May be the source of payments for her upkeep
▼ III. New Identity
1. “Dorothy Parisi”
A. Enrolls in parish high school
2. Classmates
A. Popular among students
▼ IV. Island Life
1. Venues and Music
A. Learns Galveston-style piano
B. “Mayor of Tremont Avenue”
2. A New Bargain with God
A. Promises to be perfect if God protects her and the Parisis

Notes

1 Contrition includes sorrow for sin and a resolve not to repeat it. Imperfect contrition, or attrition, can dispose the penitent to receive forgiveness in the sacrament: Catechism of the Catholic Church, §§1451–1453.
2 The priest distinguishes what Dotty tells him under the seal of confession from what she is willing to say outside it.
Chapter IX

Overview

Dotty and the commercial artist Joe Smith devise a price list for small affectionate gestures. Their joke leads to a dispute over moral boundaries and to Joe’s breaking Karl Zaleski’s nose. Joe then declares that Karl is right and promises to return for Dotty in two years. After Mossback McCarty’s invented murder story, Dotty argues with the unbelieving students, who attack her sonnet.

Summary

Joe Smith orders “a glass of muscatel and a kiss,” and Dotty charges thirty cents for the wine and a dollar for the kiss. Joe paints a card headed “Dotty Specials,” listing nose-rubbing, kisses, embraces, and lap-sitting. Dotty insists that the menu marks a boundary; Karl Zaleski argues that there are no fixed lines, only merging zones. Joe breaks Karl’s nose, then explains that he hit him because he believes Karl is right and wishes he were not. He tells Dotty he wants her and will return in two years.

The beach policemen Tommy Katt and Mossback McCarty arrive. Tommy takes Karl home, while Mossback stays to tell a supposed case from his days as a homicide captain. A woman appears to report her own murder before it happens, but Mossback solves nothing and arrests the police commissioner by mistake. The narrator finally explains that Mossback was never a homicide captain; he invents a different story every night.

On another evening, Karl argues that logic leads inevitably to materialism. Dotty replies that their reasoning starts from different accounts of reality. She compares his inability to perceive the spiritual world to color-blindness. Kitty Kark predicts that Dotty will lose her faith when she loses her virtue. Dotty acknowledges the danger but calls it the prospect of blindness, not enlightenment.

Dotty’s sonnet celebrates being alive in a world she understands as a symbol. Arthur Braden questions an unfinished phrase, Kitty objects to the description of her soul, and Karl criticizes the rhyme scheme. The narrator judges the sonnet good and sets its workmanship beside the grotesque, obscene, and obscure poetry of her critics.

Detailed Outline

▼I.The Dotty Specials
1. A Painted Price List
A. Nose-rubbing, kisses, embraces, and lap-sitting
2. The Dispute over Moral Boundaries
A. Karl denies that fixed lines can be drawn
B. Joe breaks his nose but agrees with his claim
3. Joe Promises to Return in Two Years
▼II.Mossback’s Murder Story
1. The Woman Who Reports Her Own Murder
2. The Arrested Commissioner
3. An Invented Career in Homicide
▼III.Logic and Spiritual Perception
1. Different Starting Premises
A. Material reality and the spiritual world
2. Color-Blindness and the Spectrum
3. Kitty’s Prediction of Dotty’s Fall
▼IV.Dotty’s Sonnet
1. Life beside the Sea
2. The Students’ Criticisms
A. The unfinished phrase and mixed rhyme scheme
3. The Critics’ Own Poems

Notes

1 Dotty’s sonnet rhymes ABBA CDDC EFG EFG. Karl objects that its two quatrains do not repeat the same rhymes, as in a conventional Petrarchan octave.
2 The spectrum image concerns the premises from which an argument begins: Dotty contends that valid reasoning alone cannot supply a perception that the reasoner lacks.
Chapter X

Overview

Dotty continues living with the Parisis on the Island. She now plays piano at the Red Room under the stage name “Dorothy Paris,” and she is mildly embarrassed by her foster family’s reputation and irregular church attendance. She spends time with classmates who pass their days on the beach and their nights dancing. Her mother writes urging her to return home, and Dotty refuses. At the end of the chapter, Dotty feels a sudden fear that someone ominous may have passed by in the street.

Summary

Mary Parisi asks Dotty the time: four o’clock. She offers to send away the “bunch of nuts,” but Dotty says that she must be able to stand against them. Dotty admits some shame about the Parisis because other parents look down on them and they seldom attend church. Mary offers to return to the sacraments and thinks Nicki would do the same for Dotty.

The island city combines beautiful beaches, fine houses, and oleanders with dilapidated buildings and poverty. Dotty knows many Mexican families and often eats with an elderly Black couple. Their kitchen has a wooden floor buried under mud left by the great storm about fifty years earlier; the husband keeps promising to clean it out.

Dotty spends the summer swimming, eating, and dancing with Betsy, Hugh, Felix, Miriam, Victor, and Catherine. The others have just graduated. Hugh is painfully in love with Dotty, who tries to comfort him without promising marriage. When Betsy fears pregnancy and considers a lifelong religious vow, Dotty warns her against rash vows. Mary Parisi performs an improvised examination, declares Betsy not pregnant, and spanks her. Betsy abandons her proposed vows and later marries.

Karl describes the “gentle exclusion” by which, he claims, unbelievers discourage or obstruct believers in education and public life. Cora English presents a different case: she has rejected God but cannot stop believing in Him. Dotty suggests that she might yet return.

Mary Theresa writes that her new marriage and “mature faith” have brought happiness, yet admits that she feels perpetually dirty. She asks Dotty to return. Dotty refuses. In a conversation with Jeannie, she develops her account of music as carrying both the celestial chorus and Pan’s lustful “Goat Song.” The chapter ends when an inward jolt sends her into the street, frightened and desperate to know who has passed.

Detailed Outline

▼I.Life at the Parisis’
1. The “Bunch of Nuts”
A. “They are the world. If I cannot stand against them I cannot stand against anyone”
2. Mary Offers to Return to the Sacraments
▼II.The Island and the Summer
1. Beauty and Poverty
A. The elderly couple’s buried kitchen floor
2. Beach Life, Dancing, and Hugh’s Love
3. Betsy’s Fear of Pregnancy
A. Rash vows, Mary’s examination, and the spanking
▼III.Belief under Pressure
1. Karl’s “Gentle Exclusion”
2. Cora Cannot Stop Believing
3. Mary Theresa’s Letter
A. The “mature faith” and persistent feeling of dirtiness
B. Dotty refuses to return
▼IV.The Goat Song
1. Celestial and Lustful Music
A. Pan, the troubadours, and modern “goat notes”
2. The Sudden Inward Jolt
A. An unknown passerby

Notes

1 Dotty presents the history of Pan and the troubadours as her own account of the Goat Song. Its contrast between sacred music and sensual music leads directly into Joe Smith’s return.
2 Mary’s folk examination consists of looking at Betsy’s nails and eyes and watching her swallow lemon with pepper. She declares both that Betsy is not pregnant and that she will never bear a child.
Chapter XI

Overview

An hour after the unexplained jolt, Dotty feels it again when Joe Smith returns. He courts her through suggestion and apparent familiarity, begins his triptych of her, and follows her bluff about marriage as far as the parish rectory. Dotty becomes furious at the power of her own desire. After drinking and hearing the Goat Song in the music at the Little Oyster, she runs down the beach. The final encounter invokes the Fall in Eden and places the decisive choice with Dotty.

Summary

Dotty gradually recognizes Joe Smith as the artist who painted the “Dotty Specials” card and broke Karl Zaleski’s nose. She explains that the Specials lasted about a week: they encouraged rough behavior and were parodied by the women of Post Office Street. Joe has returned after two years and intends to monopolize her time. Mary Parisi distrusts him and reminds Dotty of his earlier prediction.

Joe employs the “Leading Understatement,” the “Insidious Assumption,” and other calculated approaches. He begins three pictures of Dotty: clothed, nude, and anatomically exposed. He says that, after being dismissed from medical school, he dissected a hobo who had died of natural causes. According to Joe, newspapers subsequently described the mutilated body as the victim of a sadistic murder. Dotty also notices a seasonal impossibility in his account of living alone in the mountains.

Dotty says she will be had only through marriage and suggests having the banns read. What begins as a bluff carries them to the rectory, where Joe arranges the first reading for the following day and a wedding three weeks from the next Monday. Dotty protests that she never agreed to marry him. Her anger turns upon herself for feeling what she recognizes as ordinary animal desire.

After drinking in several clubs, Dotty hears the Goat Song in George Dushane’s piano playing at the Little Oyster. Joe joins in on a borrowed trombone. She escapes by taxi, then walks and runs down the beach. Joe follows, tackles her, and sits on her until she is quiet. They discuss Adam and Eve. Dotty insists that an ultimate choice must be made, and the narrator assigns the initiative to her, echoing Eve’s taking and offering of the fruit. The chapter closes, “And for such little things souls are lost.”

Detailed Outline

▼ I. Joe Smith Returns
1. The “Dotty Specials” Revisited
A. Discontinued due to Post Office Street imitations
2. Joe’s Psychological Techniques
A. “Leading Understatement,” “Insidious Assumption”
▼ II. The Triptych
1. Three Canvases
A. Clothed, nude, anatomized
2. Joe’s Story of the Dissection
A. Claims to have dissected a hobo after his death
▼ III. The Marriage Bluff and the Banns
1. Dotty’s Stated Condition
A. Only with proper marriage
2. Joe Arranges the Banns
A. Priest schedules first reading next day
▼ IV. The Fall
1. “Filthy Music” at Little Oyster
2. Running on the Beach
A. “Burning up with anger and evil”
3. Adam and Eve
A. “It was much the same time of day that they did it the first time”

Notes

1 Joe names Goya’s Clothed Maja and Naked Maja as the pair he intends to surpass by adding the anatomical panel.
2 The final dialogue invokes Genesis 3. Dotty’s precise timetable for the Fall is her imaginative elaboration; Genesis does not supply those hours.
Chapter XII

Overview

After the encounter with Joe Smith, Dotty loses her faith. The world that once seemed full of spiritual presence now appears closed and merely material. She cancels the banns, leaves the Parisis, and works at the Smelly Goat. Catherine urges her to return to confession, but Dotty says she no longer believes. Her effort to live by the students’ principles leads to prostitution, a criminal scheme, and painful estrangement from people who love her.

Summary

Dotty’s perception changes: the “white sheen” between water and sky has disappeared, and material explanations seem to account for everything. She regards the unbelieving “pig people” as vindicated and says, “I have traded a kingdom for a mudhole.” Early on Sunday she tells the priest not to read the banns. She now sets Augustine against Petronius, Aquinas against Voltaire, and a succession of believers against those she thinks have disproved them.

Dotty discovers that Joe passed more than twenty bad checks totaling over a thousand dollars. She replaces most with notes and I.O.U.s and pays about two hundred and fifty dollars in cash. Joe returns within a week to make restitution; he had expected money and says he fled in confusion. Mary handles the matter; Joe cannot find Dotty. Dotty takes a room near the Parisis and works at the Smelly Goat. Finnegan refuses to finish the anatomical triptych and instead paints the beautiful Dotty he scarcely knew before her fall.

Catherine Collins urges her to go to confession. Dotty replies that she has lost faith through pride and curiosity and can no longer believe in the world to which Catherine would restore her. She works at being cheerful, reads Freud, Marx, Russell, Hegel, and others, and finds their views convincing but dismal. She briefly takes paying lovers, then stops because she finds it disgusting.

With Arthur Braden and Karl Zaleski, Dotty entraps Wesley Fitzcannon in a staged adultery scene. They rob and beat him, but he identifies them to the police. Dotty cannot maintain the lie when confronted. Mary Parisi bails her out, and Mossback warns that he will no longer tolerate her breaking the law.

Hugh McDonald finally finds Dotty. She wounds him by pretending to offer herself for money, then admits that she gave up prostitution. He offers love and urges her to rebuild her life, but she refuses him. He leaves determined to learn to live without her. In this state, the narrator says, a couple of years pass.

Detailed Outline

▼I.The Loss of Faith
1. The Vanished “White Sheen”
2. “A Kingdom for a Mudhole”
3. Canceling the Banns
▼II.Leaving the Parisis
1. Joe’s Bad Checks
A. Dotty takes responsibility; Joe returns to make restitution
2. A Room of Her Own and Work at the Smelly Goat
3. Finnegan’s Portrait
▼III.Attempts to Reach Dotty
1. Catherine Urges Confession
A. Dotty attributes her loss of faith to pride and curiosity
2. Reading and Forced Cheerfulness
3. A Brief Attempt at Prostitution
▼IV.The Con Game
1. Arthur and Karl Pose as Husband and Brother
2. Wesley Fitzcannon Is Robbed and Beaten
3. Arrest and Mary’s Bail
A. Mossback’s warning
▼V.Hugh’s Last Appeal
1. Dotty’s Cruel Pretense
2. His Offer and Her Refusal
3. A Couple of Years Pass

Notes

1 Dotty’s repeated declarations that the unbelievers were right express the conviction and despair of her fallen state. They should be read with her earlier distinction between valid reasoning and the perception on which it rests.
2 The “Lorica” she says she has lost is a breastplate: her image for the spiritual protection that once kept the students’ arguments from taking hold.
Chapter XIII

Overview

Dotty becomes close to Charles Peisson, a Breton seaman whose cheerfulness, virtue, and argumentative confidence recall her former self. He challenges the unbelieving students and introduces her more fully to the company at the Old Wooden Ship. Dotty can again recognize grace in another person. When Charles announces his departure, she admits how much she wants him to stay.

Summary

Dotty recognizes a seaman she calls Frenchie, whom she saw two weeks earlier at the Jetsam Room. He explains that his English has returned with practice and gives his name as Charles Peisson. He is poor, Breton, and quite serious about his virtue. Their teasing conversation about their shared Celtic inheritance restores some of Dotty’s delight in herself. As he stands in the doorway, she realizes that she can tell he is in Grace.

Charles disputes the students’ ideas with an ease that draws their interest. He compares their arguments unfavorably with those of formidable French atheists and attacks their claims to intellectual independence. His story of the Devil’s revolt turns upon an inability to sing or keep silent. Karl invokes celebrated authorities; Charles refuses to treat distinction in one field as authority in religion or philosophy. The narrator also observes that Charles is wrong to call the students wholly predictable, since most receive him warmly.

Charles takes Dotty to the Old Wooden Ship, where he enjoys the company of Charles Le Marin. A visiting reporter asks the patrons about racial prejudice and receives a series of extravagant national and regional animosities. Aloysius McGivern, for example, turns out to be railing against Englishmen and Scots while declaring Black people his brothers in Christ. The reporter leaves without the story he expected.

When Charles signs aboard a sulphur ship bound for Rio and São Paulo, Dotty realizes that she loves him and begs him to return. She admits that she hates the spiritual ditch she has claimed to enjoy. Charles will try to find a ship back within eight or ten weeks. Dotty resolves to count the days and finally set the watch she has left wrong for two years.

Detailed Outline

▼I.Charles Peisson
1. The Seaman Called Frenchie
A. A Breton who has recovered his school English
2. Virtue and Shared Celtic Inheritance
3. Dotty Recognizes Grace Again
▼II.Charles and the Students
1. French Atheists and the Local Debaters
2. The Devil Who Cannot Sing or Keep Silent
3. Karl’s Appeal to Famous Authorities
A. Charles distinguishes expertise from wisdom
4. The Students’ Unexpected Good Humor
▼III.The Old Wooden Ship
1. Charles Le Marin and the Regulars
2. The Reporter’s Questions about Prejudice
A. National and regional grudges confound his expectations
▼IV.The Departure
1. A Sulphur Cargo for Brazil
2. Dotty Admits Her Love and Misery
3. The Hope of a Return in Eight or Ten Weeks

Notes

1 Charles’s “Great English Poet” is G. K. Chesterton. The lines about being wiser than the world and older than the sky come from “The Great Minimum”.
2 Fossé means a ditch; abîme, an abyss. Dotty insists that her condition is the latter, while Charles speaks as though she can still be helped out.
Chapter XIV

Overview

During Charles’s absence, Dotty prays for a year with him and promises to rebuild her own life. She writes to him, begins attending early Mass with Soft-Talk Susie Kutz, and buys a derelict house overlooking the Gulf. Her work on the house goes along with her effort to make a new spiritual garment. At the Old Wooden Ship she finds work and friendship, and she begins to feel joy.

Summary

Dotty returns to a church and addresses God about the two bargains she believes they have broken between them. She refuses the old priest’s invitation to confession but continues asking for Charles. Unable to profess belief, she nevertheless pledges to remake what she has broken and asks for one year with him. After darkness falls, she acknowledges God’s presence, though she receives no spoken answer.

The narrator calls Charles’s absence Dotty’s “first widowhood.” She writes a long letter warning him of her spiritual injuries and declaring that she means to marry him if she can. Ouida helps with the French portion. Dotty also asks a seaman bound for Rio to find Charles and tell him how much she loves him.

Aided by Soft-Talk Susie Kutz, Dotty becomes the “weaving woman” she has promised to be. She accompanies Susie to early Mass, although she has not yet returned to the sacraments. She works, reads, meditates by the sea, and practices kindness. She buys a house damaged in the old Galveston flood. An elderly neighbor remembers its light gray walls and blue shutters and helps her choose the paint.

Dotty cleans and repairs the house, roofs it, replaces the shutters, and installs a bathroom with friends’ help. She clears the courtyard and palm trees, sets out iron furniture, hangs a ship’s lantern and bell, and renews the crushed-shell walk. A friend gives her a ship’s coffee maker large enough for two hundred cups.

She is reconciled with the Parisis and other friends, while the students cease following her. The Old Wooden Ship shelters card players, storytellers, beautiful women, a formidable dog, and three strange gamblers from another age. Dotty and Susie work its two shifts. The house is finished near the end of Charles’s absence.

Detailed Outline

▼I.Prayer in the Church
1. The Two Broken Bargains
2. A Pledge to Rebuild Her Life
A. A new web and a new garment
3. The Request for One Year with Charles
4. Presence without a Spoken Answer
▼II.The First Widowhood
1. The Letter to Charles
A. Warning, confession of love, and hope of marriage
2. Ouida’s Help and the Message to Rio
▼III.Becoming a Weaving Woman
1. Soft-Talk Susie and Early Mass
2. Work, Reading, and Kindness
3. The Flood-Damaged House
A. Gray walls, blue shutters, and the crushed-shell walk
▼IV.The Old Wooden Ship
1. Reconciliation with the Parisis
2. The Regulars and the Three Gamblers
3. Dotty and Susie’s Shifts
4. The House Completed

Notes

1 Dotty says “utinam possem credire” and immediately jokes about her bad Latin. The intended sense is “if only I could believe”; the standard infinitive is credere.
2 Her plea that God not be silent comes from Psalm 27:1 in the Douay-Rheims numbering, Psalm 28:1 in the Hebrew numbering used by the King James Version.
3 The narrator compares Charles with Tobias, Raphael, and the fish in an unnamed painting. The scriptural story is in Tobit, especially chapters 6 and 11.
Chapter XV

Overview

Dotty and Charles marry in the summer, probably around 1950, and travel to New Orleans for their honeymoon. Their friends supply money, a borrowed car, and introductions. Patricia welcomes them with elaborate practical jokes, while two nearly identical landladies make their lodgings seem to disappear. During their nights out, Charles describes the search for pleasure without sin as a memory of Eden. On the way home, Dotty discovers that Patricia is Finnegan’s sister.

Summary

The narrator calls Dotty and Charles’s marriage perfect because of its ease and simplicity. Charles untangles difficulties without making them occasions for conflict. Their marriage rests on trust and freedom from anxiety over possessions and status. The wedding takes place in the summer, probably in 1950 or a nearby year. They accept gifts from the Parisis and Colonel Keen, borrow Little Dutch Eckel’s car, and leave for New Orleans after the wedding Mass.

Ouida has arranged lodgings with a relative at 1224 Epernay, but the address is a vacant lot. Across the street, an elderly landlady says that Amelia Garrard died in a fire four years earlier and that Ouida may inherit a fortune. Dotty and Charles rent an apartment from her. Soon Patricia appears, first pretending to be Charles’s abandoned wife from Rio, then his wife from St. Malo. They recognize the joke and welcome her into their honeymoon.

Patricia takes them swimming, drinking, and dancing. Dotty and Charles dislike much of the fashionable jazz; Dotty takes over a piano and demonstrates her own playing. At the Flannel-Mouthed Irishman’s, Leo Hanrahan turns his wife’s refusal to admit him before daylight into a comic account of how he became a philosopher.

After a night out, the couple find their car missing and a nearly identical landlady denying that they ever rented rooms. They sleep at Patricia’s, try unsuccessfully to identify the borrowed car for the police, and resume their tour. With Patricia’s English seaman, Philip Sherrington, Charles discusses the lost pleasures of Eden. He imagines the Garden as the first amusement park and nightclub district, where pleasure was free of depravity.

Their car and rooms reappear. They gradually discover two Garrard sisters in the house, apparently the relatives whom Ouida had recommended. The supposed death and inheritance were part of the joke. After enjoying the rest of their visit, they return to Texas. Dotty’s recovered address book shows that Patricia is Finnegan’s sister.

Detailed Outline

▼I.Marriage and Departure
1. The narrator describes a marriage founded on ease, trust, and simplicity
2. Wedding in the summer, probably around 1950
3. Gifts, Little Dutch’s borrowed car, and a honeymoon in New Orleans
▼II.The Honeymoon Jokes
1. The missing address and the story of Amelia Garrard’s death
2. Patricia impersonates two abandoned wives
3. Dotty plays the piano; Leo Hanrahan explains his philosophy
▼III.The Lost House and Car
1. A second landlady denies knowing the couple
2. A visit to the police produces little usable information
3. Philip Sherrington and Charles debate seafaring and the search for pleasure
4. Charles imagines Eden as the original pleasure park
▼IV.Discoveries and Homecoming
1. The car and rooms reappear
2. The two landladies are Amelia and Mellicent Garrard
3. Dotty identifies Patricia as Finnegan’s sister

Notes

1 The narrator dates the wedding approximately: summer, probably 1950 or a nearby year; July is suggested.
Chapter XVI

Overview

Dotty and Charles enjoy a marriage without quarrels. Charles takes short sea voyages and long layovers at home, while Dotty becomes active in parish and civic life. She welcomes pregnancy but loses the child after being struck by a car. Later, she cares for neighborhood children and plans journeys with Charles. He is lost at sea during Hurricane Ernestine. Dotty refuses to open the cablegram and turns her fury on God.

Summary

Charles’s habit of turning over in a hammock sends Dotty bouncing out of their old bed. They joke about it and never quarrel. He sails mostly on the Saint Noire, the Spogelset, and Der Rochen, taking short voyages and spending as much time at home as he can. Dotty joins study clubs, the Altar Society, and the Third Order. She learns about taxes, plans to register to vote when she is old enough, and has Charles take out his first citizenship papers.

Dotty delights in pregnancy, even its “glorious nausea.” Charles writes letters to be sent to her if he dies, fearing that she would otherwise come unhinged. Later, Dotty loses her child after stepping in front of a car and spends a week in hospital. Charles stays with her. She grieves without her former revolt, though she questions God and then begs Him not to leave her.

Dotty works at the Old Wooden Ship only on Saturdays and spends her days caring for eight or nine children whose mothers work. She takes them swimming, fishing, boating, and to amusement rides. She jokingly claims that all nine are her own children, all single births, and that doctors are studying her as a medical phenomenon. She spends more on the children than their mothers can pay her. She and Charles plan to explore the coast and retrace the route of Esteban and Cabeza de Vaca.

Only Dotty knows that Charles is aboard the Saint Noire when it leaves Caracas for New Orleans. Hearing that the ship is in trouble during Hurricane Ernestine, she stops reading dispatches and listening to broadcasts. She never opens the cablegram. Believing that God has deliberately drowned Charles, she repudiates her bargains with Him and accuses Him of being “the Old Serpent.”

Detailed Outline

▼ I. Domestic Life with a Sailor
1. The Old Bed
A. Charles’s hammock instinct; Dotty bounced onto floor
2. A Marriage Without Quarrels
A. Contrary to “sacred clichés” of marriage
3. Charles’s Voyages
A. Three ships: Saint Noire, Spogelset, Der Rochen
B. Long layovers at home; once to France
▼ II. Faith and Community
1. Parish Life
A. Joins Altar Society and Third Order
2. Civic Engagement
A. Plans to register to vote; learns about taxes
▼ III. Pregnancy and Loss
1. Joy in Expecting
A. Even morning sickness “glorious”
2. Miscarriage
A. Hit by car while daydreaming
B. Does not “revolt” in anger
3. Charles’s Letters
A. Writes letters before the miscarriage, to be sent if he dies
▼ IV. Hurricane Ernestine
1. The Saint Noire Lost
A. Dotty refuses to read dispatches or open cablegram
2. “The Old Serpent”
A. Dotty accuses God of betrayal
B. Grief turns into an accusation against God

Notes

1 The Spogelset, glossed in the novel as “the ghost,” is a tanker; Der Rochen is a banana and fruit boat; the Saint Noire is a tramp ship carrying varied cargo.
2 Dotty’s enrollment in the Third Order accompanies her new involvement in parish life. The narrative does not name the religious order.
3 “The old serpent” names the devil in Revelation 12:9. Dotty directs the name at God in her accusation after Charles’s death.
Chapter XVII

Overview

Dotty arrives at the Wooden Ship bar in the early morning, unable to speak or swallow after a night of heavy drinking. Lazarus Reilly and several regulars (Daniel, Ouida Garrard, Aloysius McGivern) help her recover. Throughout the day, patrons play dominoes, pitch, and checkers. Dotty gradually regains her mischievous energy, intercepting letters and provoking surprises. She still receives weekly letters from her late husband, Charles Peisson, and refuses to open them because she will not fully admit his death.

Summary

At six in the morning, in “the hour of the dog,” Dotty comes into the Wooden Ship in a physically shaken state. Lazarus Reilly holds her hands and helps her drink from a glass. Her face is “a box of bones,” her hair disheveled, but they note she was beautiful only hours before and may be again later.

At about six-thirty, silent patrons, likened to ghosts, take quick shots and leave. A long-running domino game starts. A worried young man arrives asking for “that cute little Dotty” but fails to recognize her current skeletal form. Ouida Garrard brings Dotty her missing shoe, calling her “la pauvre Cendrillon.” Soft-Talk Susie Kutz brushes Dotty’s hair to a golden shine.

Mr. Garnier, often wearing the only necktie in the place, comments on Dotty’s sweet, serene beauty. Lazarus explains she suffers but forgets. When the postman enters, Dotty intercepts a letter for Catherine Cadensus, revealing she has been responding to Catherine’s suitor behind her back.

Dotty’s own letters come from Charles Peisson. He wrote fifty-two of them before his death, and a seaman friend mails one each week for a year. As long as the letters stay unopened, Dotty can avoid fully admitting that Charles has died.

Detailed Outline

▼ I. Morning Arrival
1. Unable to Speak or Swallow
A. Lazarus Reilly helps her drink slowly
2. Her Appearance
A. Skeletal, hair like straw
B. Nobility of bone structure beneath
▼ II. Gradual Restoration
1. A Worried Young Man
A. Asks for “cute little Dotty”; fails to recognize her
2. Ouida and the Shoe
A. Returns missing shoe; “la pauvre Cendrillon”
3. Susie Brushes Her Hair
A. Brushes hair to “burnished gold”
▼ III. A Day at the Bar
1. Games
A. Domino game lasts twenty hours
B. Checker players by eleven
2. Mr. Garnier
A. Notes Dotty’s serene beauty and the appearance of tragedy behind her
▼ IV. The Unopened Letters
1. Charles’s Letters
A. Charles wrote fifty-two letters before his death
B. Seaman friend mails one per week
2. Refusal to Open Them
A. By not opening, Dotty denies Charles’s death
B. His voice is “alive” while the envelopes stay sealed

Notes

1 “Cendrillon” is French for Cinderella. Ouida brings Dotty’s missing shoe and puts it on her foot.
2 Aloysius’s anatomical compliment develops the description of Dotty’s face as a “box of bones.” As she recovers, the narrative gives her back flesh, color, and liveliness.
Chapter XVIII

Overview

Sam Engelbach, an old cattleman known as “the old gopher,” comes to town to see Catherine Cadensus. The letters he has received are contradictory, and he believes that she has romantic feelings for him. He does not know that Dotty forged the passionate letters as a joke. Sam throws a wild party at the Old Wooden Ship and pays little attention to Catherine’s attempts to explain. When he learns that Dotty wrote the passionate letters, he is relieved: he no longer wants to marry Catherine now that he knows she does not have the divided personality he had imagined. Dotty’s own conduct turns self-destructive and includes a staged suicide attempt. At the end of the chapter she tries to prove her self-control by staying sober and taking temporary work.

Summary

Sam Engelbach arrives in Galveston to see Catherine at the Old Wooden Ship. The letters he receives alternate between polite dismissal and overwhelming passion, and he has convinced himself that Catherine has a split personality. Catherine, distressed, learns that Dotty fabricated the passionate letters as a prank.

When Sam arrives, he is jovial, greeting the women with kisses and treating the bar to an extravagant party. He hires a band, orders a thousand oysters and shrimp, and ensures drinks flow freely. Despite Catherine’s repeated attempts to explain, Sam stays distracted, sitting on various women’s laps.

When Catherine finally tells him about the letters, Sam already knows Dotty wrote them. He is relieved, because he had been worrying about how to reject Catherine himself.

Meanwhile, Dotty stages a dramatic but non-lethal suicide attempt with superficial cuts. Soft-Talk Susie refuses to indulge her. Mossback McCarty takes Dotty into custody. Susie refuses to pay her fine; Catherine, Lazarus, and Aloysius pay it. Dotty undertakes to stay sober for a week and works for a month at a trucking company. Little Dutch has made employment a condition of lending her the money to save her house from a tax sale. She then works for two weeks at a shipping office, which fires her after discovering that she lied about her qualifications. She and Catherine accept Sam’s invitation to visit his farm.

Detailed Outline

▼ I. The Letter Deception
1. Dotty’s Prank Revealed
A. Wrote passionate “scorcher” letters as Catherine
B. Sam confused by conflicting tones
2. Catherine’s Distress
A. Calls Dotty “vile” for leading Sam on
▼ II. Sam’s Grand Party
1. Extravagant Celebration
A. Hires band; thousand oysters and shrimp
B. Carnival atmosphere; musicians bring piano
2. Catherine’s Failed Explanations
A. Sam distracted, sitting on other women’s laps
▼ III. Resolution
1. Sam Already Knew
A. Heard from multiple women that Dotty wrote letters
B. Relieved; had worried about rejecting Catherine
2. Invitation to Farm
A. Sam suggests farm visit might help Dotty
▼ IV. Dotty’s Crisis
1. Fake Suicide Attempt
A. Superficial cuts; calls for priest
B. Susie sees through ruse; refuses to indulge
2. Consequences
A. Fined for disturbance; friends pay
B. Forced to wash bloodied linens
3. Two Jobs
A. Works trucking company, then shipping office
B. Fired; departs for Sam’s farm with Catherine

Notes

1 Father Knight laments the “leakage” in the Church, the difficulty in saving souls like Dotty’s who refuse all help.
Chapter XIX

Overview

Dotty and Catherine spend two weeks at Sam Engelbach’s farm. Walking beside Angel Brook, Dotty remembers the journey she and Charles had planned. She attends Mass reluctantly on the first Sunday, then urges Hulda to follow it more closely on the second. Back in Galveston, the end of the weekly deliveries forces her to confront Charles’s death. She finally opens his first letter and recognizes that she must return to the spiritual battle she has tried to avoid.

Summary

Sam Engelbach has a cattle farm of 611 acres, with just under two-thirds in pasture and the rest under plow. His house is large but cluttered. His half-sister Hulda arrives from a neighboring farm and acts as a chaperone. Dotty and Catherine charm her, and she encourages local young men to meet them.

On Tuesday, Catherine rides out with Sam to hunt a coyote or fox bothering the poultry. Dotty goes alone, dismounts, and removes Ned’s bridle. The pony follows her as she walks the hills. At Engelback, or Angel Brook, she feels haunted by the journey she and Charles had planned along the route of Cabeza de Vaca and Esteban. She talks to God again, conceding the excellence of His work in the small details of the landscape.

On the first Sunday, Dotty says she no longer believes but fears Hulda’s opinion if she misses Mass. Catherine exposes the contradiction, and Dotty goes reluctantly. By the second Sunday, Dotty is lecturing Hulda about following the Mass with a missal rather than saying private prayers. When Hulda explains her difficulty reading English, Dotty promises to send her a German-Latin missal. She again suspects God of contriving her return.

While Dotty is away, Ouida reads Charles’s letters with the permission Dotty had previously given. Susie takes charge of them. When Dotty returns, she learns that the year of weekly deliveries has ended. Susie gives her the first letter to read and offers to give her the rest together or one at a time. Its account of the struggle ahead terrifies her. The narrative presents it as a message from the other side, despite Susie’s earlier explanation that Charles wrote before his death. Dotty recognizes that she must reenter the battle, whose outcome is uncertain until the end.

Detailed Outline

▼ I. Sam’s Farm
1. The Property
A. 611 acres; just under two-thirds pasture
B. House large but resembles an auctioneer’s barn
2. Hulda the Chaperone
A. Sam’s half-sister; arrives for extended visit
B. Won over by Dotty and Catherine’s charm
▼ II. Dotty’s Day Alone
1. Walking with Ned
A. Removes bridle; pony follows willingly
B. Grabs Ned’s tail to climb slopes
2. Discovery of Engelback Stream
A. “Angel Brook”; feels haunted
B. Remembers plans with Charles to follow Cabeza de Vaca’s trail
3. Appreciating Texas
A. Lovely in close detail: grass, flowers, clover
▼ III. Going to Mass
1. Fear of Appearances
A. No longer believes but fears Hulda’s judgment
2. Catherine’s Challenge
A. “You aren’t afraid of God, and you are afraid of what Hulda will think?”
3. Reluctant Compliance
A. Goes to Mass, inwardly bitter
4. The Second Sunday
A. Dotty urges Hulda to follow Mass with a missal and promises her a German-Latin copy
▼ IV. The Unopened Letters
1. Ouida Reads Them
A. Susie catches Ouida; takes letters away
2. Dotty Finally Reads One
A. Charles wrote as though from beyond death
B. Warns of her spiritual battle without soft or sentimental reassurance
3. Acceptance
A. The battle must be faced; cannot be evaded
B. Penalty for loss is eternal; no bargains

Notes

1 “Anstandsdame” is German for chaperone.
2 Cabeza de Vaca and Esteban traveled through Texas in the 1530s after being shipwrecked.
Chapter XX

Overview

Dotty contends with a series of small manipulations, which she calls the tricks of an “Old Jew,” as she tries to keep her faith and routine. She spends Sunday morning at Ouida’s, arguing about whether to attend Mass and sensing a hidden design behind everyday events. The “Old Ship” is a bar and lodging house where Soft-Talk Susie Kutz helps troubled women find other work or return home. Dotty struggles with her own need for order and recalls her mother, the Colonel, and Charles Peisson as she reaches her majority. She is still prone to benders and late-night gatherings, but she tries to put her life together in small steps and knows that she is neither fully lost nor fully saved.

Summary

On a Sunday morning, Dotty goes to Ouida’s place to read the funny papers, taking the Post while Ouida has the Chronicle, but finds Ouida still in bed. Ouida says she feels fine yet plans to skip Mass. Dotty criticizes her, calling her a “shifty-eyed weasel” and accusing the “Old Jew” of trickery, then agrees to go with Ouida but complains that she herself would have used more finesse. Dotty later realizes that these little ploys are more serious than soap opera. They are part of a “live drama” that can split open in a catastrophic way.

The Old Wooden Ship is neither a “lupanar” nor a “cat-house”; it is a barroom bordering on respectability. It houses clubs such as the “Beach Draw-Noon And Domino Fraternal Organization,” “Club Ajedrez,” and the “Elbow Benders Beneficent Society.” Soft-Talk Susie Kutz mysteriously arrived about four years earlier, opening the bar one morning even though Lazarus Reilly was sure he had the only key. Over time, she persuades many women to change their lives, finding them different jobs or encouraging them to return home.

Dotty comes to appreciate order, declaring to Buffalo Chips Dugan that she intends to pick up the pieces of her life. She likens the task to a child gathering scattered toys. The Colonel “put away” Dotty’s mother yet still provides for her, and sometimes writes to Dotty, praising her strength, though she insists she has none.

Dotty has just reached her majority. She works at a respectable job she dislikes and has returned to her faith, though it lacks its former sparkle. She occasionally plays piano at the Little Oyster, where her playing draws a crowd. She goes on benders less often than before, about every two months, and nearly three months have passed since the last. The narrator concludes that Dotty’s soul is not fully secure: One-Chance Hardwick, owner of the Chatterbox Club, would offer only five-to-three odds in her favor and would hardly offer even money on the reader.

Detailed Outline

▼ I. Another Sunday Morning Trick
1. Dotty’s Sunday Routine
A. Goes to Ouida’s for funny papers
2. Ouida’s Refusal to Attend Mass
A. Dotty calls her “shifty-eyed weasel”
B. Accuses “Old Jew” of setting up another trick
3. Recognizing the Larger Drama
A. A “live drama” with eternal consequences
▼ II. The Nature of the Old Wooden Ship
1. Not a Bordello
A. A barroom bordering on respectability
B. Host to various clubs and fraternal organizations
2. Soft-Talk Susie Kutz
A. Arrived mysteriously about four years earlier
B. Persuades women to change their lives
▼ III. Picking Up the Pieces
1. Dotty’s Resolution
A. Tells Buffalo Chips Dugan she will be less selfish
B. Like a child gathering scattered toys
2. The Colonel
A. “Put away” Dotty’s mother but still provides
B. Writes to Dotty, calls her strong
▼ IV. Dotty at Her Majority
1. Current State
A. Respectable job she dislikes
B. Faith returned but lacking sparkle
2. Piano at the Little Oyster
A. Her playing draws a crowd
3. Occasional Benders
A. About every two months; nearly three months since the last
4. The Odds
A. One-Chance Hardwick: five-to-three in her favor
B. Hardly even money on the reader

Notes

1 “Lupanar” is Latin for brothel, from lupa (she-wolf), Roman slang for prostitute.
2 “Club Ajedrez” means Chess Club in Spanish.
3 The odds of five to three on Dotty’s soul mean that the bookmaker judges her more likely to be saved than lost, though the outcome is uncertain.